Animal cruelty - types

Few months back i posted a true incidence with a female dog; how a poker was removed surgically from dog's uterus.
Even just a thought of that incidence make me restless, how a human can be co cruel to these innocent animals.
There can be different reasons why individuals abuse animals. Each type of abuse has displayed certain patterns of behavior that we can use to help understand more about why people commit the crimes we encounter today.
Animal cruelty is often divided into two main categories: active or comission and passive or omission.


Active Cruelty - where a person has deliberately and intentionally caused harm to an animal, and is also referred to as NAI (Non-Accidental Injury). These acts are most disturbing and should be considered signs of serious psychological problems. Animal abuse in violent homes can take many forms and can occur for many reasons. Many times a person who is abusive may kill, or threaten to kill, the household pets to intimidate family members into sexual abuse, to remain silent about previous or current abuse.
Passive Cruelty - it is a case of neglect, where the crime is a lack of action rather than the action itself. Severe animal neglect can cause incredible pain and suffering to an animal.
Examples are starvation, dehydration, parasite infestations, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and failure to seek veterinary care when an animal is sick.