guinea pig - bathing

Bathing
Most guinea pigs do not like the water. Guinea pigs should not be bathed unless they absolutely need it – for medical reasons, such as fleas, or if they happen to get extremely dirty, mud or sewage.
As an alternative to a bath, consider some of the following options:
Powder baths – apply the powder to the fur and brush out with a stiff brush
clean dirty bottoms with hydrogen peroxide – gently rub to remove feces and urine stains
clean fur with a washcloth and warm soapy water

CAUSES OF NOSE BLEED IN DOGS

Causes of Nosebleeds in Dogs -
Uni-lateral nose bleeds are most likely be caused by:
-A foreign object in the nostril irritating the nasal passage
-A root tooth abscess
-Nasal tumors
Other causes of nose bleeds (often affecting both nostrils)
-Nasal mites
-Trauma,
-Ingestion of rat poison
-Bleeding disorders
-Erlichiosis, a condition transmitted by ticks
-Fungal condition
Owners of dogs affected by nosebleeds should not be alarmed if their dog will have a dark, tarry stool or if the dog vomits liquid resembling coffee grounds. In both cases this simply denotes that the dog has swallowed digested blood. If the gums of a dog suffering from blood loss appear pale and not pink, a vet should be seen as soon as possible.

Mange in dog and causative agents

Mange means an infection of the skin with mites, which usually results in loss of hair and scaly skin.
There are different mites which affect pets, the most common of which are:
1. The sarcoptic mite or dog scabies mite, it is common in dogs.

2. Ear mites - These are very common in cats and also occur in dogs.
3. Demodex, which cause demodectic mange. There are two types which occur in dogs, namely localized and generalized.

4. Cheyletiellosis, or 'walking dandruff', which can occur in both dogs and cats.
Mites are much like smaller versions of ticks and are roughly oval to circular short-legged insects barely visible to the naked eye. These are permanent parasites; each of their life stages relies on a host, and only survive for a short while when separated from that host, usually less than a week. They can spend their whole life on the same host.
Transmission between hosts is by direct contact due to the mite's short lifespan off-host. Generally, mites of dogs and cats feed on skin debris. Some can also feed on tissue fluid or blood. Enzymes are secreted by the mite from its salivary glands when it bites into the skin, to digest its 'food'.
Mites cause problems due to their burrowing behavior, which can damage layers of the skin, causing irritation and inflammation. Allergies to mite saliva or the mites themselves can cause severe itching in hypersensitive animals. Non-burrowing mites can cause irritation as they walk along the skin surface.

Parasites - Guinea pig

most common are parasites in guinea pigs including fleas, mites, and lice.
Fleas
The cat flea is the most common flea affecting guinea pigs and usually become infested when another pet in the house brings in the fleas from outside. Fleas may also cause hair loss, crusty lesions on the skin, and even anemia.A flea comb can be helpful in finding fleas. Contact your veterinarian for the proper treatment.
Mites
There are two mites that cause skin problems in guinea pigs. They may also be hair loss, thickening of the skin, redness. This mite usually affects the head, shoulders, back, and flanks of the guinea pig, but may spread to the entire animal. Secondary bacterial infections can occur. . The mite is transmitted by direct contact, and can temporarily infest people.
Lice
Lice can cause scratching, redness, papules, and scabs, usually around the head and ears. Some infested animals may not show any signs. Lice are spread through direct contact, and sometimes through the bedding. The lice of guinea pigs do not affect humans.