WHEN TO VACCINATE THE PUP

I generally recommend that you should NOT vaccinate against rabies:

Puppies younger than 3 months

A pet that has reacted adversely to vaccination in the past

A sick pet, especially a dog with cancer or an autoimmune disease

Before, during or after surgery, chemotherapy or other major medical procedure

DOG BITE CASES

what to do after a dog bite -
# Firstly, the wound should be wiped clean of any saliva. The cloth used should be discarded and care should be taken, not to touch the saliva. Instead, the wound should be washed well with soap and running water.


# After drying, the wound should not be closed if it is a puncture wound, but it may be covered with a dry dressing if there is a cut or laceration.
# The person should be taken to the doctor immediately.


# Since there is a chance of being infected with tetanus, the doctor will administer an injection containing tetanus vaccine.


# The dog should not be killed, but should be kept under observation for 10-15 days to see whether it develops symptoms of rabies. If it does not develop symptoms within 10 days, then chances are that it is not infected by rabies. There have been cases reported where the dog does not show symptoms of rabies, but still carried the virus. That is why it is important to ask the owner, whether the dog has been vaccinated and whether it has been behaving normally. In every case, a dog bite should be judged by its own merits. As per WHO recommendations, it is better to take the course of anti-rabies treatment to provide immunity against the disease.

SELF MUTILATION IN BIRDS

A few behavioral problems, dynamics, or environmental issues that can be potentially corrected:

Screaming
Chewing
Biting
Plucking
Messy cages
Aggression
Your schedule and available time
other exotic wild animals that are caged and kept in captivity, these birds suffer from emotional disturbances such as self-mutilation, obsessive compulsive behaviors, uncontrollable screaming, severe inhibition, and even insanity. Malnutrition from inadequate diet is extremely prevalent. Such physical and emotional damage is often not reversible, leaving these traumatized birds with little hope for a secure or happy future.There are various other things that people have been successful in using to prevent their birds from plucking. Sometimes moving your bird to a larger cage may help, by giving them more room to explore and be active. Allowing your bird more access to the sunshine may help as well. You may also try putting items into the cage that the bird can preen, rather than chew on itself, such as brightly colored feathers or even wigs.

DOG - SENSE OF TOUCH

Touch is the first sense the dog develops and remains a powerfully important sense throughout his life. Mothers begin touching newborn puppies almost immediately after birth by licking and nuzzling. Touch-sensitive hairs called vibrissae, which are capable of sensing airflow, develop above the eyes, on the muzzle, and below the jaws. The entire body, including the paws, is covered with touch-sensitive nerve endings. The physical sense of touch is very sensitive, although dogs do have a high threshold of pain. The most sensitive nerve endings are along the spine and towards the tail, and dogs show great enthusiasm when patted or extended rolls and slides on the grass.
The dogs' senses leads to some surprising behaviors.

# A dog knows when you're going out
# It can sleep next to the TV when it's on but you can wake it with only crumpling paper
# Some dogs like to watch their surroundings from a high place even though it's sense of sight isn't very developed
# A dog can distinguish the family cars' sound
# A dog can differentiate the touch of family members
A dog alerts the family member at home, even if you are on the other corner of the street

my department-HAU, HISAR

http://hau.ernet.in/covs/msc_surgery.pdf

DOG OBEDIENCE TRAINING

There are 3 methods to train your dog into obedience successfully:

1. Give dog your orders by language

2. Transmit signal by his body using a leash

3. Train dog with your hands or body actions.

it will be better if you use the three methods at the same time. Especially at the beginning of training, dog can't understand the commands well, so, your hands and leash are important as supplementary means, which can express your meaning better. Whenever you walk, move your left foot first, say the command "go" at the same time. In this way, you can lead his action with your left leg. When you want to stop, stop with your right foot first, then close the feet, at the same time, say the command "stop".

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DOG'S SENSE OF HEARING

As dog's ears are able to move in different directions, it is easier for dogs to pinpoint the exact location of a sound's origin. The frequencies that dogs can perceive and hear are almost twice that of humans and they can pick up and distinguish sounds at roughly 4 times the range of humans. Not only do dogs hear the sounds but also perceive the height and depth of the sounds that they hear. Dogs also have the ability to hear ultra high frequencies that humans cannot and many professional doghandlers and trainers use this ability to their advantage by teaching them and training them to respond to different commands given on whistles that produce ultra high frequency sounds. Dogs are also very sensitive to complete silence also taking this as a warning sign of impending threat. This sensitivity to silence is found in almost all wild animals.
Humans can hear sounds approximately within the frequencies of 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Anything below 20 Hz, typically cannot be heard although it can be felt. This can be experienced to when you feel the bass of a song. Likewise humans normally cannot hear any sounds above the frequency of 20,000 Hz. Although human hearing is limited to this frequency range, many animals have a wider range of sounds of which they can hear, like dogs for example.

The frequency range of dog hearing is approximately 40 Hz to 60,000 Hz, of course depending on the breed of dog as well as its age. Like humans, dogs can begin to go deaf as they become older. In some breeds of dogs it is natural for them to go completely deaf in their old age.

YOUR DOG'S SMELL SENSE

A dog's scent organ is about four times larger than a human's, and a dog's sense of smell is about 50-100 times more powerful than ours. Although all dogs have a powerful sense of smell, some breeds have a greater talent for sniffing e.g. Basset Hounds, Bloodhounds, and Beagles, which are considered 'scent hounds.' If you live with a scent hound, you know how difficult it is to get his mind focused on anything but odors.

A dog's brain is also specialized for identifying scents. The percentage of the dog's brain that is devoted to analyzing smells is actually 40 times larger than that of a human! It's been estimated that dogs can identify smells somewhere between 1,000 to 10,000 times better than nasally challenged humans can.

Its smell sense is so developed that it can detect the slightest environmental change. The dog can detect the change of character of other dogs or humans that surround them, just by detecting the slight increase or decrease of their hormonal levels and their sweat. This has nothing to do with a sixth sense: the dog can just detect certain signals that go unnoticed by humans.

Even so, tears of joy contain different substances than those of sadness or pain and dogs are able to tell the difference. The sense of smell of dogs enables them to follow the cent of a wild animal and locate it; track missing persons; search for people buried under decries or snow, follow the trace of a criminal or detect hidden drugs.

WHAT DO DOG AND CAT SEE?

Dogs are red-green color blind. They see a brighter and less detailed world when compared to humans. Peripheral vision is better than humans, but distance is not judged quite as well. Dogs excel at night vision and the detection of moving objects.Dogs and cats have vision with a very limited color spectrum. Blue is visible but red, green, and yellow all appear similar.Dogs are better able to detect movement.


Dogs have much better night vision for 2 reasons:


# The have more rods (which enable night vision).
# They have a structure called the Tapetum Lucidum
This is a reflective surface behind the retina that reflects light back through it.
Although it is commonly believed that dogs and cats see only in black and white, recent evidence suggests that animals may have some degree of useful color vision. The perception of color is determined by the presence of cone photoreceptors within the retina. These cone cells function in bright light conditions and comprise approximately 20% of the photoreceptors in the central retina of the dog. In humans, the central retina is 100% cones. Behavioral tests in dogs suggest that they can distinguish red and blue colors but often confuse green and red.

YOUR DOG HAS TASTE BUDS

Taste: - A dog's senses of taste and smell are closely linked and it is possible that dogs gain more imformation about food from its smell than from its taste.
Dog taste buds: - It is generally accepted that dogs are not that picky or selective when it comes to the taste of the food that they eat. In fact sometimes it seems that a even a well fed and nourished dog will eat anything regardless of whether it is spoiled or horrid tasting and there are even many dogs that will eat the feces of other animals or dogs.
Do dog have taste bud? - Knowing this it is obvious that dogs can in fact be choosy about what they eat and will normally not eat something that they find disagreeable. Most of a dog's taste buds are clustered around the tip of the tongue. Dogs can detect bitter, sweet, salty, and sour tastes, but their sense of taste is relatively poor and they have only one-sixth the number of taste buds that humans have.

What about domesticated dog? - One thing that we know for sure is that a dog that is sick will often not eat and sometimes a dog will just not feel like eating and will therefore not eat. But they will also leave in their food bowls things that they don't like, which heavily suggests that they are in fact governed by what they like and what tastes good to them at least to a certain extent. Most dog owners know what their dogs like to eat and what they don't and this is can be very different from dog to dog.
If your dog doesn't want to eat dry processed commercial dog food then maybe you should offer it some freshly cooked meat such as, beef, lamb, chicken (without the bone) along with some boiled whole grains like wheat or barley. Remember that dogs are carnivores by nature.

hamster babies

A hamster that has given birth should be disturbed as little or possible or she may become agitated and abandon, neglect, or even eat the babies. This means other than providing food and water, you should leave the hamsters and their cage alone as much as possible for the first couple of weeks.The hamsters will be ready for weaning at about 3 weeks of age, and it is best to separate the male pups into one group and the females into another. Syrian hamsters can stay in these male and female groups for another 2-3 weeks, but then must be separated so there is only one per cage.

Make sure you are feeding a high quality diet with lots of protein. In addition to a good quality diet, you can offer small amounts of hard boiled egg, bits of cooked chicken, cheese, and wheatgerm to give the mom a nurtitional boost.

DOG ODOUR - CAUSES AND HOW TO GET RID OF IT

causes of dog odour and steps to remove it -

1. Wash your dog properly - Too many people do not wash their dogs properly. This can actually make things worse. First, check the dog over thoroughly for any obvious stink sources such as something they rolled in or poop stuck in the fur. Once wet, using a gentle dog shampoo, lather the dog up good and proper. Finally, rinse, rinse, rinse to get all of the shampoo out or it will dry, itch, and cause the dog to produce excess skin oil.
2. Dry the dog thoroughly - It's not just oils and the things the dog rolled in that create dog odor. It's also bacteria and bacteria waste. These bacteria love wet animal fur and are able to live and reproduce quite happily in it. The dogs with thick coats, hit them with a blow dryer. Just make sure you set it on the coolest setting possible.
3. Dog breath - If bad enough, dog breath can make a dog and the house wreak like hell. There are several things you can do to help reduce this odor. The most important is to start a proper oral hygiene regimen. It is often recommended that you brush your dog's teeth once a day. If the dog isn't healthy, it probably won't smell healthy either.
4. Anal glands - secrete an ishy, musty smelling substance with the feces. Sometimes these glands get clogged. This can cause some serious pet odor. A vet or groomer can drain these glands and make Doggy smell pretty again.
5.Ear infections - If the ears look nasty or are stinky, take the dog to the vet. The dog might also just have a skin infection that is causing the smell. It could be a yeast infection, a bacterial infection, or an allergy that has caused an increase in the musty-smelling.

my article - Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a dog: A case report

http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijvs&volume=30&issue=1&article=017
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a dog: A case report

FUNGAL EAR INFECTION - DOG

Fungal Ear Infections
Fungal ear infections in dogs are triggered by a fungus, which can often spread to other parts of the body, including the face and paws.
In the case of a yeast infection, which is among the most common types of fungal infection, the yeast is constantly present on the body. The dog's body typically keeps the yeast in-check, but moist conditions, can result in an overgrowth of the yeast – a yeast infection.
Fungal infections in dogs are often associated with discharge, redness, swelling, scaling, dryness, oozing and intense itching. When a dog scratches his ears, this not only spreads the infection, but the dog's nails can break the skin, resulting in a secondary bacterial infection affecting the dog's outer ear.

Yeast and other fungal infections have a tendency to spread to other body parts.
The most common treatment for a dog's fungal ear infection involves the use of ant-fungal drops or ointment, in conjunction with twice-daily cleanings of the dog's ears.

German Shpherd dog - common features

German Shepherds are a large-breed dog which generally are between 55 and 65 centimetres at the withers and weigh between 22 and 40 kilograms. They have a domed forehead, a long square-cut muzzle and a black nose. The jaws are strong, with a scissor-like bite. The eyes are medium-sized and brown with a lively, intelligent, and self-assured look. The ears are large and stand erect, open at the front and parallel. They have a long neck, which is raised when excited and lowered when moving at a fast pace. The tail is bushy and reaches to the hock.

A solid black German ShepherdGerman Shepherds can be a variety of colours, the most common of which are the tan/black and red/black varieties. Both varieties have black masks and black body markings which can range from a classic "saddle" to an over-all "blanket." Rarer colour variations include the sable, all-black, all-white, liver, and blue varieties. German Shepherds sport a double coat. The outer coat, which is shed all year round, is close and dense with a thick undercoat. The coat is accepted in two variants; medium and long. The long-hair gene is recessive, making the long-hair variety rarer.

noise pollution - bad effects on living and non-living creatures

http://www.muziboo.com/vetgeeta/music/noise-pollution

every one is bothered about the climate change,air pollution, water crisis etc. but how much we know about the effects of noise pollution on humans, animals, sea mammals, trees, plants and our non-living buildings...monuments, historical places.this audio link will help you to find out the bad effects of noise pollution. check this out...Tilak jha has really made a nice effort to project the influence of noise on human psychology, animals behavior and dying mammals coz of this pollution.

CHEWING PROBLEM IN DOGS

Dogs chew on just about anything they can wrap their mouths around and favourite objects are socks, shoes, furniture.
What Causes Dogs To Chew?
# loneliness or boredom.
# Separation anxiety
# When they are teething
# Through fear or a phobia.
# Seeking attention.
Some dogs chew just before their owner is due to arrive home. If your dog chews into electric wires, poisons and any number of other objects they could be in serious danger.

Dog Chewing - Prevention Is Your Best Option
Try these simple steps to help manage your dog's chewing: -
1. Puppy proof your home
2. Provide your dog with a few tasty chew toys.
3. Keep your dog in a safe and confined area while you are away from home. This could be a dog crate, kennel run or any secure room in your house.
4. Provide your dog with lots of exercise, both physical and mental when you are at home

UNDERSTANDING YOUR DOG

If we carefully and thoughtfully observe and study, we will find that our dogs have a good basis to express themselves and we can understand their actions, body postures, facial expressions, vocal language and thereby begin to have a better understanding of what it is exactly that our dogs are feeling and experiencing.

Dog emotions: There is no question but that dogs have feelings and emotions that are in many ways similar to those experienced by humans. There reactions can sometimes even seem similar to those of humans. For example if a dog feels unloved they become depressed and express happiness when a member of the family returns home. They also become frightened when they feel threatened and seem to genuinely enjoy playing and having a good time.

A Dog Whisperer Gets into your dog's mind: The time that it would take to watch, study and organize your conclusions in such a way, that you would better understand what is going on inside your dog's mind and you can have complete understanding of what your dog is thinking, feeling and experiencing in many diverse and everyday situations.

Misconceptions about Dogs: There was a time when dogs were considered to be just dumb animals. This attitude is changing but unfortunately it is changing slowly and many still hold onto the notion that dogs cannot think for themselves. So the challenge is to try and explain in an understandable way how our dogs not only think but also to explain a little about why they think the way they do.

we love them

What's inside a dog that makes a dog?
Let's see...a loyal friend,
No, not a frog!
A happy friendship, promises to keep.
Patience and training and lots of sleep.
But most of all, of the above,
What your dog needs is your love

BEFORE YOU ADOPT A PUP

THINGS TO CONSIDER BEFORE ADOPTING A PUP -

Time:
You need to have plenty of time to spend with a puppy. A puppy takes more time than a dog. It is a lot of work to teach a puppy all the things it needs to know to be a fun, healthy happy dog. Count on at least half an hour every morning, and an hour every evening. Some dogs will take more time than that.
The younger the dog the more time you have to add. For very young puppies you will want to take them out to relieve themselves about every two hours. That is one reason why busy people often start with an adult dog instead of a puppy.


Responsibility:
You can't forget, and you can't leave it until later. Playing, exercising, teaching, grooming, feeding and watering, and letting it relieve itself is an everyday thing. Some dogs need more of one thing, and less of another, but they all need you every single day. Having a dog is a responsibility.


Patience:
Puppies are babies. They will do things that make you mad, just because they are learning. And as they grow up they act just like teenagers. They try to get away with doing what they want, instead of what you want. And adult dogs often were not properly taught, they need help learning. Being firm is OK getting angry is useless, and can make things worse. Teaching them in a way that makes them healthy and happy, instead of afraid or angry, takes patience and understanding

guinea pig and pellets

Guinea pig food in the form of guinea pig pellets should be fed daily. Most guinea pigs will not overeat their guinea pig food and typically about an eighth of a cup per day of guinea pig food should be supplied. If you notice your guinea pig is getting obese, cut down on the guinea pig food you are giving them. Choose a good quality guinea pig food pellet and look for a guinea pig food that has a form of vitamin c in it. Store your guinea pig food in a cool dark place and your guinea pig food will last longer and stay fresher.

peachicks - comfort with each other

CAUSES OF DANDRUFF IN YOUR DOG

There can be may causes of dandruff - poor diet, low humidity, and too infrequent grooming to distribute the oils.
A very thin layer of fat and waxes, called sebum, normally prevents the moisture in the skin from escaping into the air. Some animals do not receive enough dietary fat, or cannot absorb the fat, to form a good sebum layer. Diseases that cause an excessive loss of body water in the urine or bowel movement, such as diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, or chronic diarrhea, will cause dryness of the skin and dandruff.
Any chronic irritation of the skin will speed up the skin reproduction rate and cause dandruff.

Flakes from the surface of the skin may not be skin cells. Substances applied to the skin which dry and flake may mimic dandruff. Shampoos, conditioners, and other skin cosmetics should be thoroughly rinsed after application to the skin. If your dog has white skin flakes around the neck, or back, he's probably got dandruff and there are some things that you can do.
Do not use shampoos made for human beings on your pet, especially not baby shampoos or medicated shampoos. A dog's skin has different ph level than human skin, so the chemicals in people shampoo can actually harm your pet's skin.

Make sure that you thoroughly rinse your dog after shampooing. The shampoo residue can cause your dog to itch and scratch. The presence of dandruff can sometimes indicate that the onset of serious health problems such as skin infections, allergies or an invasion of nasty parasites.

bugdze - skin problem

meet bugdze - he has suffered a lot due to wrong diagnosis by a vet. but now he is recovering well after the right treatment.soon i will post his new photos of recovery.good luck to you.