CATARACT IN DOGS AND CATS

it is defined as opacity of the lens or its capsule. It results as a change in the lens protein composition or lens fibre arrangement. It can be seen in both dogs and cats but is more common in dogs. In maximum cases cataracts are inherited in nature and causes loss of vision. Dog breeds with highest prevalence of cataract include Boston terrier, Poodles, American cocker spaniels, Smooth fox terrier and Miniature schnauzer. In cat breeds Persian, Himalayan, and Domestic short hair are reported to have congenital feline cataracts. Causes for cataracts formation are generally congenital defects, nutritional deficiency, radiation, diabetes, toxins and hypocalcaemia. History will reveal vision disturbance, cloudy, white pupil. Cataract can be classified as immature, mature and hyper mature. Dogs usually have difficulty to see objects in dim light. Usually owners are not able to detect this problem until cataract occupies 60 percent of lens. Risk factors involved are congenital defects, metabolic diseases, lens luxation, retinal detachment and retinal degeneration. Diagnosis can be done by complete ophthalmic examination including Menace test, intraocular pressure, fundic examination, blood chemistry to rule out any systemic disease if present. Other tests include ophthalmic ultrasonography and electroretinogram (ERG). Acute general treatment will include use of topical mydriatics and anti-inflammatory. Treatment in chronic cases is surgical intervention.