FUNGAL INFECTION - BUFFALO

SKIN PROBLEM - PUG

MONKEY MENACE IN RESIDENTIAL AREA

this is a common scene these days....roaming freely

GUINEA PIG - IMPACTED COLON

A guinea pig with impacted colon...

SKIN INFECTION - GUINEA PIG

RADIOGRAPH OF PELVIC FRACTURE

RADIOGRAPH OF 4 MONTH OLD PUP AFTER 25 DAYS

Healing of the bone after 25 days of fracture shows the perfect healing...

RADIOGRAPHS OF A 4 MONTHS OLD PUP

MONSOON DISEASES OF DOGS AND CATS

MONSOON DISEASES OF DOGS AND CATS

Leptospirosis – It is a world wide problem and is an important cause of acute and chronic disease of dogs and other animals. This disease is more common in rainy seasons as warm and moist environment is favorable for organisms. This pathogen can survive for almost 6 months in standing and stagnant water. The pathogen penetrate intact or cut skin or mucus membrane, rapidly invade the blood stream to spread to all parts of the body. It is more common in dogs and rare in cats. The disease is more prevalent in urban dogs than suburban dogs and male dogs are more commonly affected. In dogs usually young dogs without passive maternal antibody and older dogs are more susceptible to disease.

History will reveal fever, stiffness, shivering, weakness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, dehydration, icterus and death. Physical examination findings include fever, weakness, anorexia, vomiting, tachypnea, hematemesis, melena, epistaxis, petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhage, icterus, conjunctivitis and hematuria.

The disease can be transmitted directly through infected urine, infected fetus or indirectly through exposure to a contaminated environment like soil, food, water and bedding. It can be diagnosed on the basis of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, serology, culture and sensitivity of body fluids. Treatment should be done properly as prognosis in acute severe disease is guarded.



Pneumonia – it can be caused by deep fungal infection and is more cmmon in dogs as compared to cats. Males are affected more often than females and younger animals are predisposed to the disease. Historicals findings will be fever, inappetance, weight loss, coughing, dyspnea and lameness. Physical examination will show depression, emaciation, cough and diarrhoea. Crackles are more commonly present in cats than in dogs.

The animal may contract this disease if exposed to soil rich in organic matter, bird droppings, sandy and alkaline soil with rainfall. Disease can be diagnosed on the basis of complete blood count, serum chemistry, urinalysis, serological testing, latex agglutination test, radiography, abdominal ultrasound, impression smears, fine needle aspirates and biopsy.



Pyoderma – it is bacterial infection of the skin. It is more common in dogs than in cats. The condition may occur due to allergy, parasite, fungal infection, trauma or foreign body. History will reveal acute or gradual onset of disease. It may be seasonal. Physical examination will reveal papules, pustules, crusts, alopecia, scaling, abscess and cellulitis. It can be diagnosed by CBC, serum chemistry profile, culture, cytology, skin scraping, skin biopsy etc. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Steroids are contraindicated in this disease as it will increase resistance to the medicines.



Cryptococcosis – it is funagl infection and there is a predilection for upper respiratory tract, central nervous system, skin and eyes. It is more prevalent in cats than dogs. There is no age or sex predilection and young adult dogs are more comonly affected. Warm, humid climate increase the risk to exposure. Dog may be presented with weight loss, anorexia, lethargic, ophthalmic or neurologic signs. Cat may be presented with upper respiratorytract signs like sneezing, nasal discharge, swelling of the nose and skin lesions.

Physical exmination on cat will reveal unilateral or bilateral nasal discharge, sneezing and firm swelling over nostrils. Disease can be diagnosed by radiograph (thoracic and nasal), cytology, latex agglutination test, fungal culture. Treatment should continue for one month even after resolution of clinical signs.



Haemorrhagic - gastroenteritis – It is also called as acute haemorrhagic enteritis, acute haemorrhagic enteropathy. Physical examination findings reveal discomfort on abdominal palpation, fluid filled bowel loops and distended colon. On rectal exmaination the fresh dark blood or jam like feces will be present. History will reveal anorexia, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea. It is usually seen in young dogs less than 5 years old age. it is more prevalent in city dogs and can be associated with other agents.

It can be diagnosed by CBC, serum biochemistry profile, fecal smear, microscopic examination and abdominal radiographs. The animal should not be given any food for atleast 24-48 hours and should be treated with electrolytes to stabilise the condition. Once vomiting is stopped small amounts of bland, low fat, loe fibre food should be offered and should be continued for several days. Recovery in most cases is usually rapid and complete over 1 to 2 days.



Myiasis – it is also known as maggot infestation and is defined as an infestation of living animals with the larvae or maggots. The animals living in temperate wet regions or in rainy season harbor flies causing myiasis. The wounded, solied, debilitated or weak animals may be predisposed. A foul putrid smell will make the owner aware to seek veterinary attention. On physical examination maggot infestation is found mostly around the eyes, nose, anus, genitalia, mouth or adjacent to wounded skin. Diagnosis can be made by direct visualization of maggots. Treatment involves clipping, cleaning and debridement of lesion and mechanical removal of larvae and management of wound.



Acute Moist Dermatitis – it is also known as hot spot, eczema or pyotraumatic dermatitis. It is an acute bacterial skin infection secondary to trauma that is self-inflicted in an attept to relieve pain. It is more prevalent in hot and humid weather, excess moisture. History will reveal acute onset of alopecic area that exudesserum and become matted with hair at the periphery. The lesion is pruritic and often very painful. Physical examination will show erosive to ulcerative lesion exuding serum and these lesions are most commonly found on face, neck and lateral thighs. It can be diagnosed by skin scraping and impression cytology. For treatment the lesion should be clipped, cleaned and dressing should be done to keep the flies away.

INJURED TONGUE

TRAINING COMMON BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN CATS

House breaking – it is not a common problem for a cat owner but in some cases it may be quite serious. Housebreaking means that cat always goes outside for urination or defecation or uses the litter box for this purpose. Like dogs, we can say a mistake or slips as a cat is either housebroken or it is not. Feral cats defecate or urinate at the same places to mark their territory. These cats do not scratch dirt over their faeces or urine like domestic cats and leave the faecal matter exposed. Toms are prone to spay urine over objects within their territory, whenever they sense a female cats in estrous. These cats scatter the faecal material in the nearby areas of original deposits. This behaviour is used as a form of communication by cats. If a domestic cat goes to outdoors to defecate or urinate, may use this material to mark its territory and to make sexual communication.

Rectifying the behaviour – a.) Litter box – indoor cats, which do not have access to outside, should be provided with litter box. It should be cleaned everyday (pregnant woman and children should never handle cat faeces or cat litter, as they can contract disease, which may lead to abortion or can deform unborn children). Cats are clean in nature and they prefer clean areas for defecation and urination. It is recommended that a litter box should be available for each cat and boxes should be kept in the same place in a consistent manner. Boxes should be placed in those areas where cats can have their privacy. The area should be disinfected on a regular basis. Different types of boxes & litter are available in the market.

b) Diet Scheduling- it is an important point to he considered that is diet and timing for meals should be kept consistent as frequent change in diet will result in upset stomach. Sudden change from dry food to canned food will result in indigestion and the consistency of faecal matter. The diet should be changed gradually to avoid the drastic change in the timing of defecation. Fresh water should be available for your cat, specifically if she is on dry food. You must discuss this with your Veterinarian to develop a diet schedule for your cat.

Clawing – it is an inborn behaviour and is difficult to train the cats. Declawing can be done on any adult cat and it is a surgical procedure. Even declawed cat will exhibit “clawing” behaviour. For most cats only the front claws need to be removed as these are primary source of damage. This surgical procedure should be done at the age of 6 months and cats quickly recover from the operation. Declawing does not change any behaviour patterns and will still claw your things. The only difference appears to be that they cannot cause damage. I suggest that only house cats can be declawed as outdoor cats need their claws for defensive and offensive purposes.

If you don’t want declawing but want to protect your furniture etc., then you must provide a scratch post to your cat.

Noises - owners generally complained about cats howling, meowing, crying or screeching. The cat may cry even in the absence of owner and then it is a nuisance for neighbours. Crying behaviour is often a sign of frustration and is an attention seeking behaviour. In such cases you may take your cat on a lap or pet your cat. It is a highly reinforcing situation for your cat and may exhibit this behaviour quiet often.

In such conditions you should try to ignore your cat that is don’t look at it, don’t touch it or don’t talk to it.

Heat periods - During estrous, the female cats may cry or wail all day and night. The only practical way to stop this behaviour is to spay a female cat surgically. Likely the toms are equally obnoxious as he will spray urine all over the place to mark his scent. Even they will howl but you cannot train them. The best and only way is to neuter or castrate them and this operation does not have any risk at healthy animals.

Neutering will solve problem of crying and is also a good tool for birth control programme as so many unwanted kittens are born every year. Neutering your cat is the best thing you can do for welfare of cats in this country.

SHIH TZU PUP

RESTING ON A MOBILE PHONE TOWER

RADIOGRAPH OF DOG - ELBOW JOINT

GUINEA PIG FOOD

COVERAGE BY CREATURE COMPANION MAGAZINE MAR-APR 2011

DOG'S HEART DISEASES

HEART DISEASES OF DOGS


The heart has four chambers. The upper chambers are called atria and the lower chambers are called ventricles. The heart is also divided into right and left sides.

Un-oxygenated blood flows from the body into the right atrium. It is stored there for a short period and then pumped into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs where it receives oxygen. It flows from the lungs into the left atrium where it is held before flowing into the left ventricle. The left ventricle is surrounded by the largest and strongest of the heart muscles. This large muscle is necessary to pump blood throughout the body.



Each side of the heart has a one-way valve to keep blood from going backward from the ventricles to the atria. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called the mitral valve.



Heart disease in dogs is not commonly diagnosed unless one notices the common symptoms like unnatural fatigue or tiredness during normal exercise or acute breathlessness. The treatment of the dog heart disease depends upon the disease and the severity of the conditions. Dog heart diseases can be hereditary and congenital although it may not be noticeable early in the dog’s life.

HEAT SROKE SIGNS

• Recognize Heat Stroke Signs


Recognizing the early signs of heat stroke may help prevent it from becoming life threatening. One should be watch for heavy panting, noisy breathing, and thick saliva. Heat stroke typically takes place when the dog's rectal temperature measures over 1040F. A normal dog's temperature ranges from 100 to 1020F.

As seen, there are so many ways to protect your dog and cat. Keeping fresh water always around and monitoring your dog and cat for signs of suffering from the heat are great ways to ensure your pet stays cool and well hydrated during the dog days of summer.

MY SECOND BOOK

My second book has been released and will be available in the market from next week....

GRANULOMA OVER THE FACE

OXI - CORNEAL ULCER AND DESCEMETOCELE

CORNEAL ULCER

corneal ulcer in a pug. look at the yellow colouration in the middle of the eye..

MY ACHIEVEMENTS

This is my achievement by God's blessings...from all my hard work...my husband's support and directions...all four legged friends...bundle of joys...

dye fluorescein test for corneal ulcer

CORNEAL ULCER WITH DESCEMETOCELE - PUG

BEDLINGTON TERRIER PUPS

very cute, docile, friendly pups

CATARACT - DOG EYE

OVERGROWN TEETH OF GUINEA PIG

A guinea pig with overgrown teeth is in so much pain that he refuses to eat. Please take care of your guinea pig before you loose him.

RADIOGRAPH - ELBOW JOINT OF A GSD

This is a radiograph of a GSD female, 10 years old with a history of limping since last 2 months and pain over the elbow joint. Radiograph revealed bony changes.

ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION - PUP (TYSON)

Tyson developed swelling over the face and legs due to anaphylactic reaction. He was restless and was scratching his face with paws. The eyes are almost closed due to swelling.  

DOG FASHION SHOW

(HASH) GUINEA PIG - OVERGROWN AND TRIMMED TEETH

over grown teeth of a guinea pig - causing difficulty in eating food

After trimming the teeth---happily started eating his food

ELEPHANT RIDE

DOG - LICK GRANULOMA

in the recovery stage..

DOG FASHION SHOW

DOG FASHION SHOW

Look at the dog....attitude.....

A TYPICAL CASE OF LICK GRANULOMA

PEACHICK - FRACTURE CASE

PEACHICK - LEG FRACTURE

NEUTERING A GUINEA PIG

Performing a surgical procedure on any animal involves the risk of death from complications--either on the operating table, post-operatively, or later during recovery at home, sometimes due to infections.

Neutering a guinea pig inherently carries more risks than neutering cats, dogs or other larger animals. The guinea pig is smaller, the operation is complicated by the nature of the scrotal area and open inguinal canal. They are harder to surgically prepare. They are more susceptible to anesthesia reactions, stress, and post-op infections.

If you are prepared to accept these risks to your guinea pig and take responsibility for the consequences, you should realize it is your duty to minimize those risks as much as possible. 

OVER GROWN TEETH OF A GUINEA PIG

This guinea pig has great difficulty in eating his food. Teeth are over grown and was loosing weight day by day. After examination, teeth were trimmed and he started eating immediately after that. Now he is happy and has put on weight back.

NONI

Noni is enjoying the food after couple of vomiting...

FUNGAL INFECTION

It is better now after the application of combination of shampoo and ointments and the oral medicaion.

CHERRY EYE IN A ST. BERNARD

this was a case of 4 month old st. bernard pup with cherry eye condition. the condition was deteriorating day by day. so surgery was done to correct this. but in this case the pocketing was done rather than old technique. The dog recovered very well and the eye has been saved from the future complications.